An interesting application of the IP 's integration of wireless sensor networks for building automation to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and make it more healthy and comfortable work environment . The wireless sensor networks have received much attention in recent years. With these smart sensors connected to the network, the buildings are now able to measure the parameters of the surrounding environment (eg temperature) and adjust accordingly consumption of energy saving in the electricity bill.
Intelligent machines connected to the network wirelessly is also able to automatically request maintenance when you need an upgrade or repair. One standard for wireless connectivity that is taking place in the field of buildings' s IEEE802.15.4 or ZigBee. ZigBee protocol is a network characterized by very low consumption, designed for applications requiring low bandwidth, low power, high scalability . The ZigBee protocol has been successfully used to manage remotely via a wireless network printers.
The application of IP-based technologies for wireless sensor networks has been taken seriously in the last two years, thanks to the efforts made by the working group for standardization 6LoWPAN IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). 6LoWPAN stands for IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks and is intended to integrate the IPv6 protocol, and then the ubiquitous TCP / IP architecture to PAN (Personal Area Network). The promoters of the use of IP in sensor networks formed last September, the IP for Smart Objects Alliance (IPSO), which has set a standard for interoperability in order to apply the IPv6 networks based on IEEE 802.15. 4. Among the 25 founding members of IPSO consortium include companies like Cisco and Sun Microsystems.
The IP protocol offers the opportunity to connect the sensors and other simple networks directly to the Internet, eliminating the need for translation of the gateway network protocols . However, for the proper functioning of these systems, you need software to fit the ad hoc IPv6 on system memory size and power consumption of sensor networks. The challenge for IPSO members of the consortium is able to develop the IP in a device such as a sensor, characterized by a very low cost, below € 2. However, there are software solutions that realize the optimized protocol and IP require only 4 Kbytes of RAM and 32 Kbytes of flash.
IPSO The newly formed consortium planned to have a program for interoperability by November, and will carry out an initial series of interoperability tests on more than ten kinds 6LoWPAN software stack on the market. The consortium will also examine extensions for security and for the location of the network nodes.
approach and protocol IP Power over Ethernet technology
Power over Ethernet allows devices connected to an IP network, such as phones, access points, surveillance cameras, webcams, control systems' environment and lighting di ricevere sia l'alimentazione, sia i dati trasmessi attraverso i cavi esistenti di tipo Cat 5 e superiore, senza dover modificare l'infrastruttura Ethernet esistente e senza dover disporre di nuove prese elettriche. L'alimentazione di questi apparecchi è fornita direttamente dalla rete tramite switch Ethernet. La tecnologia elimina in questo modo i costi e i rischi legati all'aggiunta di nuovi cavi elettrici con la connessione di nuovi apparecchi alla rete IP.
La nuova versione dello standard, IEE802.3at, nota anche come PoE Plus , è in grado di alimentare più apparecchi attraverso lo standard PoE, fornendo una potenza di alimentazione di 60 W più che doppia rispetto alla generazione precedente.
La PoE technology is likely to become pervasive over the next year, as the cost related to the addition of Ethernet switches for the power supply is very low, and still less than adding new cables and electrical outlets. In essence, Power over Ethernet is the first truly international standard for power distribution over IP networks .
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